Calling 2x and 3x potsize bets

I'm a novice beginner, just getting a feel for a lot of the math... I've read a lot on pot odds and number of outs and percentage of hitting on either turn or river and odds against making your hand, etc.

I am looking for advice and literature on calling/folding when there are pot size bets or 2x or 3x size pot bets. If it is as simple as comparing pots odds vs my percentage of the size of my call and the size of the pot (and implied pot odds), then everyone would just bet 2x the pot to prevent callers.

In this case, I have 2nd pair or top pair mid-kicker and may or may not have position on the bettor.

Please help. Thank you