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It's undeniable that things such as genes/traits and the environment in which you were either raised or subjected to plays a modest role in determining the makeup on one's character, and subsequently likely influences one's decisions. However, it can't possibly be the only driving force in what causes a person to act in a specific manner. Some kids are beaten and grow up to beat their kids. Some kids are beaten and grow up to resent individuals who beat children, and therefore start charities to aid abused children. Some poor individuals lose their drive and motivation to make a better life for themselves, and continue to live impoverished. Some "rise above" it and change their circumstances. I believe it really just depends on the individual and their logic and reasoning for the choices they decide to make.
Even regardless of the debate on whether they have control of their actions or not, if we aren't going to hold them accountable for their actions, what are we to do as a society? If we aren't removing individuals who make poor choices from society, regardless of the means in which we do that, then couldn't we potentially fail as a society? You could use the argument that creatures do bad things to other creatures, and so on and so forth, and that it's nature. While this is obviously true, letting a human act without repercussion for his actions would be much more dangerous than letting an animal like a lion or bear act in whatever manner they please.
I think it's inevitable that an individual should be punished for their decisions, which is the same as being held accountable for their actions. Whether it's the government doing the punishing or the swifter arm of vigilantes is unimportant. They will still be held accountable, and should in my opinion. The damage they caused is still real, and the problems that could arise if they aren't punished is still a pretty serious threat.
Also, I understand that you said you are not against removing individuals for society, whether by imprisonment or whatever the case may be. And while I believe I understand your reluctance to call it punishment, that's exactly what it is. Whether we are saying that these people are inherently bad individuals because of their skewed logic, or the manner in which they were raised is pretty insignificant. We agree individuals should be removed from society if and when they choose to act in a manner that negatively impacts society. As I said, whether it be by the government locking them up for life, or some Dexter type individual taking the law into his own hands, they will (and should) be removed. Regardless of whether they are inherently bad people or not, and regardless of their reasoning/motives, they are essentially being punished. They are receiving this treatment because of the actions they committed. Had they not acted in that manner, they would not have experienced this. Had you not broken the window, your father wouldn't have spanked you. Had you not raped that 5 year old, you would not be in prison. It makes no difference whether the consequences they experience is given in the name of punishment or under the veil of deterrence.
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