Postflop bets (and raises) are mainly for value and bluff. That's it. Rest of reasons (protection, blockers, pot sweeteners) are just subcategories of those two and depend on our overall equity and purpose of betting.

Value:
- blocking bets (to get value from worse and stop bluffs to some extent)
- protection bets (to give bad odds vs hands with reasonable equity)
- pure value bets (to get value from worse by getting called)
- bluff-inducing bets (to get value frome worse by getting raised)
- potbuilding bets (to set-up bigger bets on later streets)

Bluff :
- betting as stone cold bluff (total air, near zero pot equity)
- betting as semibluff (hand with some equity vs calling range)

The so-called "bets for information" are either for value or as a bluff, depending on what kind of info we got from them and how we want to use that info.